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Personal injury settlement values across 15 jurisdictions.

Mission, scope, and the editorial position of the publication.

How settlement bands are derived, inflation-adjusted, and updated.

The standing list of authority documents cited on every band page.

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Cross-jurisdiction settlement bands by injury type.

Plain-English definitions of personal-injury terms.

In-depth articles on personal injury topics.

Editorial team and contributors.

state-by-state tort law · jury verdict reporters · statutory caps — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in United States.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United States.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United States.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United States.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United States.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United States.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United States.

Judicial College Guidelines (16th ed.) — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in United Kingdom.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United Kingdom.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United Kingdom.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United Kingdom.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United Kingdom.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United Kingdom.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in United Kingdom.

Personal Injuries Guidelines (Judicial Council) — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Ireland.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Ireland.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Ireland.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Ireland.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Ireland.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Ireland.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Ireland.

Andrews v Grand & Toy non-pecuniary cap — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Canada.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Canada.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Canada.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Canada.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Canada.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Canada.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Canada.

state-by-state CTP and Civil Liability Acts — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Australia.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Australia.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Australia.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Australia.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Australia.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Australia.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Australia.

Baremo (Law 35/2015) — mandatory points-based scale — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Spain.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Spain.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Spain.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Spain.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Spain.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Spain.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Spain.

Tabelle Milanesi (Tribunale di Milano) — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Italy.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Italy.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Italy.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Italy.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Italy.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Italy.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Italy.

Schmerzensgeldtabelle (Pain & Suffering Tables) — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Germany.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Germany.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Germany.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Germany.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Germany.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Germany.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Germany.

Référentiel Mornet · Barème Dalloz — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in France.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in France.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in France.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in France.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in France.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in France.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in France.

Accident Compensation Act 2001 · ACC entitlement schedules — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in New Zealand.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in New Zealand.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in New Zealand.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in New Zealand.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in New Zealand.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in New Zealand.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in New Zealand.

Civil Law Act · State Courts and High Court precedent — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Singapore.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Singapore.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Singapore.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Singapore.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Singapore.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Singapore.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Singapore.

Personal Injuries List quanta tables · Court of Appeal precedent — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Hong Kong.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Hong Kong.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Hong Kong.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Hong Kong.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Hong Kong.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Hong Kong.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Hong Kong.

赤い本 (Akai-bon) · 青本 (Aoi-bon) court-published quantum tables — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Japan.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Japan.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Japan.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Japan.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Japan.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Japan.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Japan.

Civil Act · Supreme Court of Korea precedent · Hoffman/Leibniz formulae — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in South Korea.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in South Korea.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in South Korea.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in South Korea.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in South Korea.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in South Korea.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in South Korea.

Civil Code · Supreme Court precedent · Compulsory Auto Liability Insurance Act — settlement bands and statutory framework for personal injury claims in Taiwan.

Whiplash settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Taiwan.

Back & spine settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Taiwan.

Head & brain settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Taiwan.

Fracture settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Taiwan.

Medical negligence settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Taiwan.

Workplace settlement values, severity tiers, and procedural pathway in Taiwan.

Alabama applies pure contributory negligence — 1% claimant fault bars all recovery — making liability proof critical to any personal injury claim.

Whiplash settlements in Alabama — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Alabama — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Alabama — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Alabama — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Alabama — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Alabama — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Alaska applies pure comparative negligence with a statutory cap of $400,000 on non-economic damages, rising to $1M for severe permanent injury.

Whiplash settlements in Alaska — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Alaska — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Alaska — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Alaska — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Alaska — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Alaska — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Arizona applies pure comparative negligence and is one of the few US states whose constitution prohibits statutory caps on personal injury damages.

Whiplash settlements in Arizona — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Arizona — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Arizona — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Arizona — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Arizona — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Arizona — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Arkansas applies modified-50 comparative fault and gives a relatively long three-year limitation window for general personal injury claims.

Whiplash settlements in Arkansas — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Arkansas — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Arkansas — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Arkansas — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Arkansas — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Arkansas — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

California applies pure comparative negligence and the MICRA cap on medical malpractice non-economic damages, restructured by AB 35 in 2023 onto a phased schedule.

Whiplash settlements in California — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in California — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in California — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in California — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in California — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in California — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Colorado applies modified-50 comparative fault with inflation-indexed non-economic caps and a hard medical-malpractice ceiling of $1 million total recovery.

Whiplash settlements in Colorado — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Colorado — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Colorado — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Colorado — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Colorado — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Colorado — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Connecticut applies modified-51 comparative fault with a partial PIP no-fault layer for medical expenses.

Whiplash settlements in Connecticut — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Connecticut — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Connecticut — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Connecticut — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Connecticut — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Connecticut — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Delaware applies modified-51 comparative fault with PIP no-fault coverage for medical bills.

Whiplash settlements in Delaware — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Delaware — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Delaware — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Delaware — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Delaware — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Delaware — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

The District of Columbia applies pure contributory negligence with a narrow statutory exception for cyclists and pedestrians, and a relatively long 3-year statute of limitations.

Whiplash settlements in District of Columbia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in District of Columbia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in District of Columbia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in District of Columbia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in District of Columbia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in District of Columbia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Florida applies modified-51 comparative fault since the HB 837 reform of 2023, which also halved the personal injury statute of limitations from four years to two.

Whiplash settlements in Florida — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Florida — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Florida — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Florida — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Florida — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Florida — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Georgia applies modified-50 comparative fault — claimants 50% or more at fault recover nothing — with a $250,000 punitive damages cap on most tort claims.

Whiplash settlements in Georgia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Back & spine settlements in Georgia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Head & brain settlements in Georgia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Fracture settlements in Georgia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Medical negligence settlements in Georgia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.

Workplace settlements in Georgia — fault rule, limitation, and applicable caps.